EMISSION
Integer base-unit halvings define PBE issuance.
PBE uses eight decimal places. The initial block reward is 5 PBE and the reward epoch is 8,409,600 blocks, which corresponds to approximately 3.997 years at uninterrupted 15-second slots.
Halving schedule
| Epoch | Reward (PBE) | Cumulative supply after epoch (PBE) | Approx. end year |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 5 | 42,048,000 | 4.00 |
| 1 | 2.5 | 63,072,000 | 7.99 |
| 2 | 1.25 | 73,584,000 | 11.99 |
| 3 | 0.625 | 78,840,000 | 15.99 |
| 4 | 0.3125 | 81,468,000 | 19.99 |
| 5 | 0.15625 | 82,782,000 | 23.98 |
| 6 | 0.078125 | 83,439,000 | 27.98 |
| 7 | 0.0390625 | 83,767,500 | 31.98 |
| … | integer base-unit halvings continue | … | … |
| 28 | 0.00000001 | 84,095,998.906752 | 115.92 |
Terminal issuance
Because the reward is integer-divided in base units, the final supply is not exactly the infinite geometric-series value of 84,096,000 PBE. Summing every positive base-unit reward yields approximately 84,095,998.906752 PBE across 29 positive-reward epochs. Epoch 28 pays one base unit per block; the next epoch pays zero.
Fees
Transaction fees are not new issuance. Producer credit includes fees plus the current block reward, while total supply increases only by the reward component.
Timing is target-basedThe year figures assume uninterrupted 15-second canonical slots. Real elapsed time can differ if blocks are not produced at every target slot.